Labcorp Negative Dilute
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Labcorp Negative Dilute

Another option is to administer the sample. What Causes a Negative Dilute Drug Test? If an employee provides urine for a drug test and the specimen comes back dilute, it means that the person drank too much water prior to the test and literally diluted their urine. Positive means positive, and you should proceed as an employer accordingly; but if its negative dilute, you have a few choices. drugs are likely to interfere with urine drug screens?>What drugs are likely to interfere with urine drug screens?. ” As you may have guessed, this means that while the result is considered a negative due to insufficient amounts of metabolite being present, part of the reason why the amounts are low is that the subject, just before testing, consumed a high amount of water. A dilute specimen, by definition, is a urine specimen that has a creatinine of greater than 5 mg/dl or less than 20 g/dl and specific gravity is less than 1. Specimen validity testing (SVT) / Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) / Labcorp Specimen validity testing (SVT) Please review the frequently asked questions below. 1 Evacuated collection tubes must be filled to completion to ensure a proper blood to anticoagulant ratio. Is A Negative Dilute Result?. A negative drug test result means that a drug or its metabolites were not detected in the person’s sample. Reputable labs follow government guidelines, which wouldnt call for an observed test for this situation. Plus, you drinking a legal substance has nothing to do with the business of your drug testers. Results of both creatinine and specific gravity are used to identify dilute, substituted or invalid specimens. They will tell you when your test is dilute, and will make you re-take it until they get a proper sample. Best Practices for Dilute Specimens A positive dilute result is always positive. 788890: Adulteration (Dilution), Urine / Labcorp Specimen Details LOINC® Back to Top Adulteration (Dilution), Urine TEST: 788890 CPT: Call client services. LabCorp procedures claim that the LabCorp drug testing results time for negative tests is just four hours. The lab criteria required to label a sample as dilute are 2: Creatinine: Below 20mg/dl but above 2mg/dl. “Cutoff” is the quantitative point distinguishing a need for further testing or whether a laboratory result, for example, is positive or negative ( e. This can be caused by intentional or accidental water consumption, which clears the urine of its yellowish color. Diluted urine occurs when theres too much water in the urine. I will leave you a link to their standards below in order to help back up my information above. Either way, a negative dilute means that the employer may either accept the results as negative or require one immediate retest. Negative Dilute Drug Test Results & How to Avoid Them. A urine drug screen that required confirmation testing took just a couple of days short of four weeks to come back from labcorp. 2,3 The sample should be mixed immediately by gentle inversion at least six times to ensure adequate mixing of the anticoagulant with. A dilute specimen is defined as exhibiting creatinine and specific gravity values lower than expected but still within physiologic range. Most reports of a negative-dilute specimen are nothing to be concerned with, however some situations can be a red flag and require further testing. A negative dilute specimen, by definition, is a urine specimen that tests negative and has a creatinine of greater than 5 mg/dl or less than 20 g/dl and a specific gravity is less than 1. Ok sounds good so I guess at this point no news is good news from the employer. EDIT: Just took my retest today (26th day clean) and they used the same cutoff limit of 50 ng/mL with 15 ng/mL confirmation! Hopefully I passed. Kalaiselvi, T (2017) Study of colistin sensitivity among clinical isolates of extensively drug resistant gram negative bacilli. Where the issues lie with a negative dilute result is that word, “dilute. Regarding a negative dilute (greater than 5 mg/dL) on an applicant, the Company will: Accept the negative dilute result as is, or Require the applicant to retest within 24 hours and provide instructions to the applicant on how to avoid a dilute specimen. Getting retested at labcorp in two days due to negative dilute. If drug/metabolites are diluted to a concentration. A dilute specimen, by definition, is a urine specimen that has a creatinine of greater than 5 mg/dl or less than 20 g/dl and specific gravity is less than 1. Dilution-Result of ingestion of large amounts of water typically just before urine donation or as a result of physiological conditions. Either way, a negative dilute means that the employer may either accept the results as negative or require one immediate retest. Further, the negative result may be enough to convince an employer that the referenced employee intentionally consumed a high amount of water to cheat a urine drug test. NO! There are three main things that can cause the test to be dilute: The donor has a medical problem involving his/her kidneys. LabCorp Negative Dilute. negative oral fluid result reported by the laboratory for THC). Prices & Hotel Reviews (Buraidah, Saudi Arabia). My at home THC tests were also showing negative using my morning pee, although the lines were faint. I didn’t use any detox, just drank a lot of water and ate fibrous foods/ high fat foods. If someone randomly indulges Jul 16, 2020 — However, if the test comes back as a negative dilute, this does not automatically mean that drugs were present in the urine sample. 2 The standard prothrombin time (PT) is rarely affected by lupus anticoagulants because of the high concentration of. Negative Dilution Labcorp. A dilute drug test result can be either negative or positive. If the amount of the natural substance creatinine in the urine is abnormally low, internal dilution may be. Specimen validity testing (SVT) is performed on a urine drug screen specimen to detect substitution, adulteration, or dilution. A negative drug test result means that a drug or its metabolites were not detected in the person’s sample. Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of drug or drug metabolites in the sample. Specimen validity testing (SVT) How would a drug test be evaluated when nitrites are 199 mg/mL?. Everything to Know About Diluted Urine Drug Test …. Dilution —Result of ingestion of large amounts of water typically just before urine donation or as a result of physiological conditions. So I found out today that my specimen was dilute and I am retesting tomorrow. Diluted urine occurs when there’s too much water in the urine. If there was an issue, you’d get an observed test. negative oral fluid result reported by the laboratory for THC). A negative test result means your urine sample does not contain drug metabolites, while a negative dilute test result means your sample does not contain drug metabolites but has too much water. Creatinine is endogenously produced and cleared from the body by the kidneys. Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of drug or drug metabolites in the sample. How do we know this? Experience. The creatinine concentration in the urine sample is the primary measurement for identifying dilution, and if the sample contains no creatinine, it can’t be counted as urine. If you frequently use drugs and have gotten a negative result, your deliberate abstinence or diluted urine samples could be the cause. Due to that one being negative dilute, I had to retake it. View Photos in a new improved layout. For rejected for testing specimens, the IITF or laboratory must send a copy or a legible image of the test facility copy of the Federal CCF (Copy 1) to the MRO. This is accomplished by adding fluid to the sample or by drinking large amounts of fluid to dilute the specimen, called internal dilution. (You must log in or sign up to post here. Drug Test Rule Allows ‘Direct Observation’ of Urine Collection. Preemployment test, SOS I tested at labcorp last Tuesday and had passed so many at. and is also available for same day results at all LabCorp and Quest Diagnostics locations throughout the US. If drug/metabolites are diluted to a concentration below the initial test cutoff, a dilute urine may result in a false negative. Where the issues lie with a negative dilute result is that word, “dilute. How to Dilute Urine for a Drug Test. Table 4 lists commercially available agents marketed to help disguise the presence of illicit drugs in urine samples. The lab criteria required to label a sample as dilute are 2: Creatinine: Below 20mg/dl but above 2mg/dl. In some cases, a test result will be reported as negative even though trace amounts of a drug were detected. It has a lot to do with how long THC actually will remain detectable in ones urine. If it comes back dilute again, its a fail. Blood should be collected in a blue-top tube containing 3. It means the urine’s concentration is weak. Ask the people being tested to limit their fluid intake before the test. I am going to heat up my clean pee for 6 seconds to ensure it stays heated as well as wrapping pocket warmer around the bottle to keep warm. For negative and negative/dilute results, the IITF or laboratory is allowed to report results using a computer-generated report. Getting retested at labcorp in two days due to negative …. LabCorp testing centers understand the importance of drug testing, so they employ cutting-edge technologies to conduct. “Cutoff” is the quantitative point distinguishing a need for further testing or whether a laboratory result, for example, is positive or negative ( e. Just take it when your clean, end of story. Depending on the authorities that govern your drug testing, a re-screen might be required. I believe our drug testing company would actually contact the person first to explain the results, then I would have to call and schedule the retest. Featuring 3-star accommodation, Brand Al Qassim Hotel is located in Buraydah, less than 1 km from King Khalid Garden Park and a 10-minute walk from Buraydah Museum. A dilute specimen is one that is not very concentrated. When collecting a urine sample, several factors should be recorded to ensure accurate collection and avoid false-negative results, including temperature, pH, specific gravity, and creatinine. This paper has investigated groundwater modeling of Saq Aquifer in Buraydah Al Qassim to estimate the impact of its excessive use on depletion of Saq Aquifer. The donor legitimately drinks a lot of water – possibly to beat the heat, lose weight or avoid kidney stones. They will tell you when your test is dilute, and will make you re-take it until they get a proper sample. Nice location, close to the malls and nice restaurants and also the industrial areas. This can often be enough to pass a drug test, even if there are drugs in a donors system. The donor is attempting to alter the test by flooding his/her system with water. A diluted drug test isnt a complete wash — its still positive or negative. One approach to dilution involves consuming a detox drink or your own mixture with roughly 20 oz of fluid, a dose of creatine, b-vitamins, and maybe an added zinc supplement sixty minutes prior to the test. If it’s negative-dilute, however, that’s often a different story. Reagents with reduced amounts of phospholipid, such as the hexagonal phospholipid neutralization assay (Staclot LA®) and dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT), have enhanced sensitivity for lupus anticoagulants. If drug/metabolites are diluted to a concentration below the initial test cutoff, a dilute urine may result in a false negative. My previous sample to labcorp was a negative dilute. If theyre decent people they will let you retake it. This multi-step method involved adding individual solutions of dilute phospholipid, RVV and calcium chloride to a test plasma and then measuring how long it took for the mixture to clot. Creatinine is endogenously produced and cleared from the body by the kidneys. We would like to show you a description here but the site wont allow us. 15, 21 Many laboratories now routinely check urine creatinine levels to. The proposed GCC is used to improve the extraction of specific audio signals and also it can reduce the time delay in the speech. Print Share Include LOINC® in print Synonyms FAQS Forensic Adulteration Quality System Test Includes Urine creatinine with reflex to specific gravity if <20 mg/dL; nitrite; pH. Weed420 said: Yep, just ignore it and continue and wait for them to bring up the drug test. LabCorp is a piece of shit. Reagents with reduced amounts of phospholipid, such as the hexagonal phospholipid neutralization assay (Staclot LA®) and dilute Russell viper venom time (dRVVT), have enhanced sensitivity for lupus anticoagulants. A dilute specimen is just thata dilute specimen. Toe Tag Medicoleagal Death Investigator (1993–present) 3 y It’s depends on what drug or drugs you were using prior to the drug test panel. Normal human urine creatinine concentrations are at or above 20 mg/dL. Masters thesis, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore. However, a typical negative dilute drug test result is enough to raise suspicion, especially in the workplace, as employees may be asked to retake the test. It is proved that Generalised Cross-Correlation - Non -negative Matrix is sound source isolation, excellent including both blind source and several knowledgeable source approaches involving advanced knowledge. LabCorp procedures claim that the LabCorp drug testing results time for negative tests is just four hours. Regarding a negative dilute (greater than 5 mg/dL) on an applicant, the Company will: Accept the negative dilute result as is, or Require the applicant to retest within 24 hours and provide instructions to the applicant on how to avoid a dilute specimen. Negative-dilute results mean that the urine specimen has a higher water concentration than regular pee. 6 minutes ago Labcorp negative dilute test turn around time Ive been scouring the internet and cannot find an answer. Dilute Urine to Pass a Drug Test in 2022>How to Dilute Urine to Pass a Drug Test in 2022. 3 >Passed LabCorp 9 Panel Non. LabCorp is a piece of shit. I recently took a drug test and got worried, I. LabCorp is a piece of shit. If its positive dilute, then it doesnt matter how much fluid there is in the urine. That means they do the basic tests which don’t find drug metabolites at all, or that are below the cut-off threshold. If it comes back dilute again, its a fail. What Does a Dilute Specimen Mean?. Not a patient? Visit Health Care Provider Help. Buraidah, Al Qasim, Saudi Arabia. We would get negatives back in 24 hours, but positive and negative dilutes took longer. They will tell you when your test is dilute, and will make you re-take it until they get a proper sample. These 2 tests are routinely performed on every urine sample that is tested at the Lab. A common way to pass a drug test is to consume mass quantities of water so that urine runs clear. Yes, labcorp will contact you whether or not your urine is positive or negative. 788890: Adulteration (Dilution), Urine / Labcorp Specimen Details LOINC® Back to Top Adulteration (Dilution), Urine TEST: 788890 CPT: Call client services. I took my pre-employment drug test at labcorp last week on Wednesday (4/13), it’s been a week now (4/20) and I still haven’t heard anything back from my employer or labcorp. Employers / Labcorp. Citrated plasma samples should be collected by double centrifugation. Here is a list of states where you do not need to present an RT-PCR negative test report. Since it came back as negative dilute, theyre already doing routine testing for adulteration - creatinine and specific gravity. Distance (in kilometers) between Buraidah and the biggest cities of Saudi Arabia. Responding to a Second Dilute Negative Result. When a drug test comes back as a negative dilute, it basically means that there was too much water in the urine to get an accurate screening. A dilute specimen is defined as exhibiting creatinine and specific gravity values lower than expected but still within physiologic range. According to LabCorps “Drug Abuse Reference Guide,” marijuana can remain in someones urine for up to two months with chronic use. Specimen validity testing (SVT). How To Avoid Negative Dilute Drug Test Results. A dilute drug test result can be either negative or positive. Here are 7 Indian states allowing travellers to enter without RT. Use of a Medical Review Officer is recommended to evaluate out of range SVT results. 2 The standard prothrombin time (PT) is rarely affected by lupus anticoagulants because of the high concentration of phospholipid in …. Department of Transportation allows a regulated employer to accept a negative-dilute specimen as negative, and many companies (DOT-regulated or not) choose to accept them. How to Dilute Urine to Pass a Drug Test in 2022. I took my pre-employment drug test at labcorp last week on Wednesday (4/13), its been a week now (4/20) and I still havent heard anything back from my employer or labcorp. A dilute specimen, by definition, is a urine specimen that has a creatinine of greater than 5 mg/dl or less than 20 g/dl and specific gravity is less than 1. Since it came back as negative dilute, theyre already doing routine testing for adulteration - creatinine and specific gravity. Negative dilute is no big deal. Negative-dilute results mean that the urine specimen has a higher water concentration than regular pee. Labcorp results time : r/drugtesthelp. Ive taken 1-2 mg a week for months. Where the issues lie with a negative dilute result is that word, “dilute. Drinking water will not dilute the results to an extent that is relevant. Negative dilutes generally took longer for the results to be reported. But many of them get caught later during random or post-accident tests. Last edited by a moderator: May 28, 2013. What tests are included in the Labcorp SVT panel? At a minimum, the SVT panel includes testing for creatinine; a creatinine < 20 mg/dL reflexes to a specific gravity test. If drug/metabolites are diluted to a concentration below the initial test cutoff, a dilute urine may result in a false negative. I do have dyed hair and Ive read this can alter this test. A negative dilute is a negative test. The best way to prevent negative dilute results is to make sure employees understand that excessive drinking prior to sample submission can cause it, and they will have to do the whole thing all over again. 788890: Adulteration (Dilution), Urine / Labcorp Specimen Details LOINC® Back to Top Adulteration (Dilution), Urine TEST: 788890 CPT: Call client services. A dilute specimen is defined as exhibiting creatinine and specific gravity values lower than expected but still within physiologic range. See the Drugs of Abuse Reference Guide for additional information on SVT. Didnt find what you need? Contact us for help. Theres really nothing you can do for them to not find in their tests. A dilute specimen is one that is not very concentrated. The main thing to note is that a negative-dilute specimen is NOT the same as a positive result. by Necessary-Table-1837 I passed a pre employment, but it came back as negative dilute I have got my drug test back today this morning, it was also sent to my employer. Rapid tests performed at Labcorp patient service centers (PSCs) that screen negative have results available to the ordering client typically within 4 hours. We have added definitions for “oral fluid specimen” and. Dilute Urine: Negative Dilute or Positive Dilute. [5] In 1989, researchers at Westmead Hospital developed a simpler assay by combining the venom, phospholipid, and calcium into a single reagent. A urine drug screen that required confirmation testing took just a couple of days short of four weeks to come back from labcorp. Labcorp>Types of Drug Tests. NO! There are three main things that can cause the test to be dilute: The donor has a medical problem involving his/her kidneys. Labcorp tests for a variety of different drugs during pre-employment, including: Amphetamine Methamphetamine Cannabis metabolite Cocaine Opiates Phencyclidine (PCP) Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Methadone Propoxyphene Oxycodone/oxymorphone Hydrocodone/hydromorphone Labcorp uses a urine test to screen for these substances. Labcorp’s certified laboratories provide mass spectrometry confirmation for non-negative rapid test drug screens. Negative dilute is no big deal. Most reports of a negative-dilute specimen are nothing to be concerned with, however some situations can be a red flag and require further testing. Tests can also come back as Positive Dilute so the fact yours didn’t is good. As a result, the tester will be unable to properly detect the presence of drugs in the. You could overload your system with creatine to mask the traces of THC, but they test for that also. 6 minutes ago Labcorp negative dilute test turn around time I’ve been scouring the internet and cannot find an answer. When a drug test comes back as a negative dilute, it basically means that there was too much water in the urine to get an accurate screening. Regarding a negative dilute (greater than 5 mg/dL) on an applicant, the Company will: Accept the negative dilute result as is, or Require the applicant to retest within 24 hours and provide instructions. How come? Well, Qcarbo32 works like all other same day detox drinks in that it attempts to mask toxins and dilute your urine. When the MRO reports a negative-dilute specimen with a creatinine concentration greater than or equal to 2 mg/L or less than or equal to 5 mg/L. Much Water Causes Diluted Drug Test Results?>How Much Water Causes Diluted Drug Test Results?. , 2 ng/ml is the confirmatory test cutoff for a positive vs. Dilution-Result of ingestion of large amounts of water typically just before urine donation or as a result of physiological conditions. For negative and negative/dilute results, the IITF or laboratory is allowed to report results using a computer-generated report. A negative dilute specimen, by definition, is a urine specimen that tests negative and has a creatinine of greater than 5 mg/dl or less than 20 g/dl and a specific gravity is less than 1. This can be caused by intentional or accidental water consumption, which clears the. Creatinine is a waste product that is consistent in normal human urine. Their job is to contact you about your results so do not worry about them contacting you only for negative results but they will also contact you for a postivie result as well. It came back as negative dilute, I was obviously hoping for a negative. LabCorp procedures claim that the LabCorp drug testing results time for negative tests is just four hours. Labcorp tests for a variety of different drugs during pre-employment, including: Amphetamine Methamphetamine Cannabis metabolite Cocaine Opiates Phencyclidine (PCP) Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Methadone Propoxyphene Oxycodone/oxymorphone Hydrocodone/hydromorphone Labcorp uses a urine test to screen for these substances. “Cutoff” is the quantitative point distinguishing a need for further testing or whether a laboratory result, for example, is positive or negative ( e. As you may have guessed, this means that while the result is considered a negative due to insufficient amounts of metabolite being present, part of the reason why the amounts are low is that the subject, just before testing, consumed a high amount of water. Updated on Jun 28, 2021 04:00 PM IST. The specimen may have been diluted by excessive fluid intake (water, coffee, soda, etc. Hair stat panel 7 was negative when I was tested in May, while taking the same meds. Negative Dilute Drug Test Results. Under federal government guidelines, a minimum amount of drugs must be detected before a test will be reported as positive. Table 4 lists commercially available agents marketed to help disguise the presence of illicit drugs in urine samples. The lab will refer to this as a positive dilute or negative dilute drug test, depending on the tests results. Dilution —Result of ingestion of large amounts of water typically just before urine donation or as a result of physiological conditions. 6 minutes ago Labcorp negative dilute test turn around time I’ve been scouring the internet and cannot find an answer. This is accomplished by adding fluid to the sample or by drinking large amounts of fluid to dilute the specimen, called internal dilution. Technically it does dilute any drugs in your system but this practice mainly affects the amount of creatinine in urine. It could also mean that your urine drug levels were insufficient to warrant drug use. It means the urines concentration is weak. The lab will refer to this as a positive dilute or negative dilute drug test, depending on the tests results. A negative urine drug test means that drugs were not present in your urine samples. You could overload your system with. ) prior to the test; however, this does not necessarily mean that the donor has attempted to tamper with the specimen. The same can be said for a positive drug test result and a positive dilute drug test result. Labcorp Negative DiluteStudy of colistin sensitivity among clinical isolates of extensively. A negative dilute is a negative test. 2 These factors should be considered when evaluating results to rule out adulterated samples. If it comes up negative dilute just tell them drank a lot of coffee that morning to get up and going. Since it came back as negative dilute, theyre already doing routine testing for adulteration - creatinine and specific gravity. Dilute specimen: A urine specimen with creatinine and specific gravity values that are lower than expected for human urine. If you frequently use drugs and have gotten a negative result, your deliberate abstinence or diluted urine samples could be the cause. Herbal Clean QCarbo32 Review (Enough To Test Negative On Drug. Last edited by a moderator: May 28, 2013. Make sure they know that they can’t “trick” the system by watering down their samples. A diluted drug test isnt a complete wash — its still positive or negative. This is an unreliable method since the toxins will still be inside you. Citrated plasma samples should be collected by double centrifugation. Top 10 Myths About Drug Tests. How Much Water Causes Diluted Drug Test Results?. Drinking water will not dilute the results to an extent that is relevant. What does a negative dilute drug test result means? However, as effective as some of these kits are, there are no guarantees that you would pass a LabCorp drug test after getting a negative result with at-home drug testing. Medical Review Officer Manual. When a drug test comes back as a negative dilute, it basically means that there was too much water in the urine to get an accurate screening. What Causes a Negative Dilute Drug Test? If an employee provides urine for a drug test and the specimen comes back dilute, it means that the person drank too much water prior to the test and literally diluted. It is a normal constituent in urine. If the MRO receives a negative dilute specimen result with creatinine levels equal to or greater than 5 mg/dL but less than 20 mg/dL, then the result is reported as a negative dilute and neither the MRO nor the DER are required to perform any other actions, unless outlined in the employer’s drug and alcohol testing policy. This multi-step method involved adding individual solutions of dilute phospholipid, RVV and calcium chloride to a test plasma and then measuring how long it took for the mixture to clot. Use of hair dye and other cosmetic treatments will NOT cause false positives for any drug on a drug test. 788890: Adulteration (Dilution), Urine / Labcorp Specimen Details LOINC® Back to Top Adulteration (Dilution), Urine TEST: 788890 CPT: Call client services. I’m super nervous but I’m following the same procedure except I don’t have the temp bottle. It works by diluting toxins, such as THC and other drug residues, within the urine and body. If it comes up negative dilute just tell them drank a lot of coffee that morning to get up and going. I went two weeks ago, and still don’t have those results. They have claimed there are delays due to covid, short staffed, etc. Anyone have experience testing negative dilute at labcorp? It’s been a while since I last smoked and I’m a light infrequent user anyways, tested negative on all home tests but I guess I drank too much water that it came back dilute. 2,3 The sample should be mixed immediately by gentle inversion at least six times to ensure. As a result, many substance abusers get hired. I did the certo method before hand for context. According to LabCorps “Drug Abuse Reference Guide,” marijuana can remain in someones urine for up to two months with chronic use. Usually a second Negative Dilute result can be converted to a Negative final result unless the Medical Review Officer thinks something is wrong. A negative urine drug test means that drugs were not present in your urine samples. If its negative-dilute, however, thats often a different story. What tests are included in the Labcorp SVT panel? At a minimum, the SVT panel includes testing for creatinine; a creatinine < 20 mg/dL reflexes to a specific gravity test. My previous sample to labcorp was a negative dilute. Rapid tests performed at Labcorp patient service centers (PSCs) that screen negative have results available to the ordering client typically within 4 hours. LabCorp Drug Testing Procedures Explained & And How To Pass. A dilute drug test result can be either negative or positive. When collecting a urine sample, several factors should be recorded to ensure accurate collection and avoid false-negative results, including temperature, pH, specific gravity, and creatinine. Not that much good, but Good according to its price. Explore other articles about drug testing here. A dilute specimen is one that is not very concentrated. When the MRO reports a negative-dilute specimen with a creatinine concentration greater than or equal to 2 mg/L or less than or equal to 5 mg/L. It could also mean they physically poured water into their urine sample before turning it in. pass? What happens if the result is dilute?. In addition, direct observation is required at. Passed LabCorp 9 Panel Non. A negative test result means your urine sample does not contain drug metabolites, while a negative dilute test result means your sample does not contain drug metabolites but has too much water. See the Drugs of Abuse Reference Guide for.